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Thursday, January 28, 2016

25 Best Places for Winter Holidays in North India

Like the aureate dim in the dawning sky, the outside world has from time immemorial been irresistibly attracted to India, the exotic land of history, wilderness, spiritualism and naturalism. Timeless cities, temples, ancient Hindu and Tibetan Buddhist Kingdoms reveal the unrehearsed intimacy. With such natural and cultural diversities up for grabs, your holiday to North India during the winter will excite you footing up the North Indian hospitality, spicy cuisines, marveling handicrafts and celestial hamlets. Traveling along the belt may include your itinerary the bustling city of New Delhi and centering it the Kumaon and Garhwal of Hills of ambrosial Uttarakhand or the Royal Heritage of Rajasthan and the lofty niche of the Himachal or the heavenly vales of Jammu and Kashmir. Here is a comprehensive list of places in North India for a breathtaking winter vacation.

1. New Delhi

red-fort-delhi

The capital city of India, New Delhi, with the fusion of age old history and varied cultural diorama, is one of the bustling tourist destinations in North India during the winter season. The city with its quaint charm that is said to be dating back to the Pandava era is one of the significant historical cities in India. The city is home to several ancient monuments, forts and churches that delineate the chapters of Indian history. Amongst them the Purana Quilla, Qutub Minar, Jantar Mantar, Red Fort, Jama Masjid and Humayun’s Tomb holds special tourists’ interest. The ruins of Tughlaquabad Fort, Lotus Temple and Lodhi Garden and its monuments are some other heritage attractions in New Delhi. The India Gate, which is close to the Parliament and Rashtrapati Bhavan, is yet another popular tourist attractions that stands as a memorial to all the Indian soldiers who lost their lives during the Indian Freedom Movement, Indo-Pak Wars and Sino-Indo Wars. Rajghat, which is yet another memorial, holds a national significance and attracts tourists from all over the world.

Being in the city you can’t escape from the quaint charm of Chandni Chowk and the colonial ambiance of Connaught Place. Chandni Chowk is one of the oldest and congested areas of the city that is noted for its multiple arrays of shops dealing in jewellery, antiques, garments and street food, ‘Parathe Wali Gali’ is a must visit place when you are in Chandni Chowk. On the other hand Connaught Place, which acts as a bridge between Old Delhi and New Delhi, is a popular hangout in the city with numerous multi-cuisine restaurants, pubs, shopping arcades and hotels.

The Akshardham Temple, which is the largest Hindu Temple in the world, exhibits a detailed picture of Indian culture and religion… thus making it another prominent tourist attraction in New Delhi. Don’t miss out the light and sound show. If you are travelling to New Delhi at the time of Republic Day then you must catch a glimpse of the parade in front of the Red Fort. Shopaholics have a whole lot of options. S.N. Market, Lajpat Nagar, Janpath, Sadar Bazar and Palika Bazar are some of the notable shopping areas in the city where arrays of shops from garments to handicrafts and antiques to electronic goods can be found.
Temperature during winter: 3°C to 22°C

2. Agra

agra
Home to one of the seven wonders of the world, the Taj Mahal, which is a marble monument built by Shah Jahan and often dubbed as a ‘symbol of love’, the medieval city of Agra is yet another good pick from the bucket of destinations to visit in North India during the winter. Agra dilates an eminent chapter of the Golden Era of the Mughal Empire. The city hosts several other historical ramparts including the Agra Fort and other monuments and palaces. It is also noted for its traditional culture, architecture, marble crafts, leather products and cuisine. During the winter Agra is packed with tourists from all over the world but the marvelous sight of the Taj Mahal once you get hold of leaves you in a state of solitude… no matter who so ever knocks you from behind. Approximately an hour’s drive from Agra, Fatehpur Sikri, which is famed for its Buland Darwaza, is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India, and is a must visit place for travellers having an interest in Indian medieval history. Further, the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary makes for a refreshing getaway from Agra.
Temperature during winter: 7°C to 25°C

3. Jaipur

jaipur-amber-fort
The only planned city of its time, Jaipur the capital city of royal Rajasthan still beats in its fairy tale palaces and rugged fortresses perched on hills. Today it is a blend of tradition and modernity but the colour pink is still associated with hospitality in Jaipur. Being of historical importance, the city is one of the most popular tourist destinations in North India during the winter. It is a city where a traveller can participate in a lot of activities like heritage tour, shopping traditional items and jewelleries, elephant safari apart from trying out Maharaja Thali. The City Palace, Hawa Mahal, Jantar Mantar, Lake Palace and Amber Fort are the major heritage sites in Jaipur. In the outskirts… the Nahargarh Fort and Jaigarh Fort are the two notable heritage sites. On the other hand, the city hosts several Hindu and Jain temples; of them the Birla Mandir, Narayan Temple, Galtaji, Choolgiri Temple, and Govind Devji Temple are the notable ones. Ram Niwas Bagh, Dolls Museum, B.M. Birla Planetarium and Ghat Ki Guni are some other tourist spots in Jaipur. Well, don’t miss out the light and sound show at Kesar Kyari in Amber Fort. It is held every evening.
Temperature during winter: 7°C to 25°C

4.Jaisalmer

jaisalmer
The remote fort city of Jaisalmer, which is located in the midst of the Thar Desert in the incredible state of Rajasthan, is yet another popular winter getaway in India. It attracts all travellers including honeymoon couples, and other leisure travellers. The city is noted for several architectural buildings belonging to former rulers. The Jaisalmer Fort, which is also known as ‘Sonar Quilla’, housing several havelis and Jain temples, is one of the beautiful examples of craftsmanship exhibiting the rich Rajasthani style of architecture with intrinsically designed walls, carved windows and facades. The Nathmalji-Ki-Haveli, Patwon-Ki-Haveli and Salim Singh-Ki Haveli are the major tourist sites that elaborate the intricate architecture and sheer craftsmanship. The Gadisar Lake with numerous beautiful shrines, and Bada Bagh housing several cenotaphs are some other tourist sites in Jaisalmer. In the outskirts of Jaisalmer City, the ruins of Kuldhara village, Barna village, Khuri Desert, Moolsagar Palace and Ram Mandir are must visit places that leave travellers spell bound. On the other hand… how can you escape from Jaisalmer without a camel safari in the SAM Dunes? That’s the only way to explore the vast stretch of the Thar Desert. The best time to visit the SAM Dunes is during the Jaisalmer Desert Festival, which is held in the month of February. It is the best way to get acquainted with Rajasthani folk culture.
Temperature during winter: 3°C to 25°C

5. Udaipur

udaipur
One of the historic cities in India that is famous internationally as the most romantic destination in the world, partly because of the influence of the Lake Palace Hotel located in the middle of the placid water of Lake Pichola… Udaipur during the winter season pulls in travellers from all over the world. Like any other cities in Rajasthan, Udaipur also comes with its own legends and much of its history is clearly visible from the picture perfect gallery hosting palaces, gates, temples and quaint alleys. Each and every turn and bricks are preserved with heroism, valour and chivalry. Yet the city turns out to be one of the honeymoon destinations in India during the winter. The major attractions are the Lake Palace, Lake Pichola, City Palace, Fateh Sagar and Monsoon Palace. Some other attractions in Udaipur are Gulab Bagh, Ahar, Pratap Memorial, Saheliyon Ki Bari, Jagdish Temple and Bhartiya Lok Kala Mandir. Close to Udaipur, Mount Abu is the only hill station in Rajasthan and is worth a visit during the winter. Other excursions on your Udaipur tour can be Kumbhalgarh, which is approximately 84 kilometers away, and Ranakpur, which is approximately 90 kilometers away.
Temperature during winter: 7°C to 25°C

From the Hills to Mind Haven

6. Manali

manali
That’s my favourite pick any time of the year and during the winter when you catch the glimpse of snowfall early in the morning… holding a cup of hot coffee in your hand, your partner being cozy with you at the same time and the stunning views of far-fetched snow capped mountains blazing the intimacy… Ah! Nature here herself showers romanticism. I feel like rolling over the bed once again and pouring some more lovely moments into my winter trip to Manali. “WINK” but now it’s time to grab nature at her best. Manali is one of the popular hill stations in India where tranquility dwells even in the midst of tourist crowd throughout the year. Nature here hosts an amazing alpine forest of Pine and Deodar trees dotted with several fruit orchards and cattle farms. An hour’s drive from Manali to Solang Valley, which during the winter season turns out to be one of the popular ski resorts in India, one can here exploit the nature with several adventure activities like skiing, zorbing and paragliding. Well… the temperature over here throughout the winter remains freezing and hence it is recommended to carry proper woolen garments if you are planning to go for paragliding in Solang.
Manali is also a gateway to several trekking destinations in Himachal Pradesh. During the winter season you can go for some short treks in Manali like the Bhrigu Lake trek and Beas Kund trek. Other popular treks around Manali are the Malana Valley and Chandra Tal trek, but during winter these treks are difficult to access. Rohtang Pass, which is at an altitude of approximately 4,000 meters, is a popular tourist destination in Manali being the highest point on the Manali-Keylong road. Although access to Rohtang Pass during the months of December, January and February becomes impossible due to heavy snowfall, yet some crazy trekkers do make it to the point. Are you one of them?

Besides its breathtaking natural beauty, Manali is also notable for housing a rich and indigenous Indo-Tibetan culture. The Gadhan Thehchoking Gompa and Nyingamapa Gompa are the two popular Buddhist pilgrimage sites that pull in several tourists from all over the world. The quaint ambience of Vashisht village, which is approximately 3 kilometers away from Manali, is also worth a visit on your winter trip to Manali. The village is far-famed for hosting several hot springs and stone houses with beautiful carvings. Apart from all… the cultural clamour can be witnessed thoroughly when you visit Old Manali. The Hadimba Temple and Manu Maharishi Temple are the notable attractions here. Some other beautiful places to visit around Manali are Katrain which is popular for its apple orchards and trot hatcheries; the temple town of Naggar; and Manikaran, which is an important Hinduand Sikh pilgrimage site.
Temperature during winter: -2°C to 15°C

7. Dalhousie

dalhousie
The name itself throws a distinct colonial charm. Named after the 19th century British Governor General Lord Dalhousie, the scenic hill station in Himachal Pradesh, Dalhousie houses some of the most beautiful churches of North India. The St. Patrick’s Church, St. Francis Church, and St. Andrew’s Church are the most notable ones having rich architectural work of their own with stone carvings, glass and wooden structures. Besides the colonial diorama, the town’s varying altitude spreading out over the Kathlog, Potreys, Tehra, Bakrota and Balun hills is dramatically set with a dense grove of pines, deodars, oaks and rhododendrons… which almost remains covered in snow during the winter. Yes! Snowfall in Dalhousie during the winter season is the major attraction. It is the best time to frame the panorama of the breathtaking countryside from Panchpula, Bakrota Hills and Dainkund. Approximately 10 kilometers from Dalhousie, Kalatope is yet another scenic spot that also houses a wildlife sanctuary. Close to Kalatope, Ahla village is one of the notable pilgrimage sites in and around Dalhousie. Built in the 10th century, Laxmi Narayan Temple is one of the finest specimens of ancient architecture in Dalhousie. Talking about antiques… you must pay a visit to Satdhara, which is a stupa dating back to the Murya and Sunga period. Dakshina Murti, Shivkul and Norwood Paramdham are some other cultural hubs in and around Dalhousie.
Temperature during winter: 1°C to 10°C

8.Kasol

Kasol
One of the least tapped hill stations in Himachal Pradesh that is nestled in the luxuriant greens of the thick pines in Himachal’s Parvati Valley, Kasol during the winter season truly offers a quiet weekend getaway. The small town on the bank of River Parvati with patches of small villages in the midst of dense pinewood is a hideout ideal for an impromptu nature holiday in the Parvati Valley. Further, the trek to Malana Village, which is one of the strenuous treks in Himachal Pradesh, is a good option for an adventure trip during the winter. A visit to the nearby Tosh village allows you to get acquainted with the Himachali folk culture where people are extremely hospitable. Moreover, lazing around in Kasol is just not one option for leisure travellers. Kasol is well known for trout fishing and hence travellers dreaming of fishing and angling holiday in the Indian Himalayan region may whizz to Kasol in the winter months.
Temperature during winter: 5°C to 20°C

9.Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh

kasauli
Amid the quaint colonial ambiance, Kasauli unwraps rejuvenating elements of nature with the panorama of sprawling plains of Punjab and Haryana. The moment might drop your jaws when you catch sight of the blazing carpet of light as darkness falls. Kasauli during the winter season makes a cool escape from the city dust to the refreshing atmosphere that is cuddled with thick forest of pine, oak, and chestnut trees. Its colonial ambiance is reinforced by stretches of cobbled roads, shops, houses with charming facades and scores of neat little gardens and orchards. The ‘Monkey Point’ is one of the must visit places in Kasauli, which is an important pilgrimage site. Nonetheless, the Baba Balak nath Temple and Sai Baba Mandir are also two other religious sites in Kasauli. Other attractions in Kasauli include the St. Patrick’s Catholic Church that was built in 1847 AND Sunny Side, which is the oldest cottage in Kasauli, built in 1848.
Temperature during winter: 3°C to 15°C

Dharamshala

dharamshala
Extolled as one of the picturesque hill stations in India that lies on the spur of the Dhauladhar Range and dotted with thick grove of Oak and Conifer trees, Dharamshala is no doubt a great escape during the winter season. It’s not just about the distinct culture of the Indo-Tibetans that has helped Dharamshala gain fame internationally as “The Little Lhasa in India”, being the seat of His Holiness The Dalai Lama… BUT the traditional fusion of several tribal communities makes Dharamshala one of the important cultural hubs in Himachal Pradesh. A glimpse of it can easily be witnessed when you step into the Kotwali Bazar, which is a good shopping area, and McLeod Ganj, which has arrays of shops selling Tibetan handicrafts. During the winter season the international cricket stadium overlooking the mighty Dhauladhar mountains is one of the spectacular sights that remain covered with thick patches of snow. On the other hand, the Namgyal Monastery is one of the major tourist attractions in Dharamshala. Some other attractions in Dharamshala include the Kangra Art Museum, War Memorial, Kunal Pathri Temple, St. John’s Church, Aganjar Mahadev Temple and Kangra Chamunda Devi Temple.
Temperature during winter: 1°C to 12°C

11. Shimla

shimla
Even though it remains one of the bustling hill stations in India throughout the year, Shimla during the winter season turns out to be a fantasy world. The nature herself boasts off a scenic spectacle with layers of snow bedded over the thick alpine forest AND the panorama from the Ridge of snow capped mountain ranges engulfed in the beauty of the nature is worth a capture. It is the best time, especially in the months of December and January, to go for a forest trail that runs towards the villages of Kamina and Pabo. If you are lucky some bird species can also be sighted. A short trek to Tattapani is also recommended as one of the adventure activities in Shimla during the winter season. Further, if you are looking for some more adventure then just whizz your wheels an hour snaking through the mountains to Kufri, which lies at an altitude of 2,622 meters and is one of the notable skiing destinations in the Indian Himalayan region with varying slopes. Just when you find the temperature dipping and you run out of warm garments, check out some quality woolens, jackets and shawls arraying down the Mall, which is one of the longest stretches of pedestrian shopping in the world. It also has arrays of hops dealing in traditional handicrafts, miniature paintings, jewellery, metalwares, rugs and carpets. Close to the Mall is the Himachal State Museum, which is one of the finest examples of craftsmanship from the colonial era. It exhibits a huge collection of coins, photographs and handicrafts. The Gaiety Heritage Cultural Complex, which is another colonial architecture built in a Gothic Victorian Style; Shimla State Museum that was built in 1974; and George Castle are some of the prominent tourist attractions in Shimla. The temperature might get very freezing during the winter, BUT one must step into the Christ Church that was built by the British in 1857 in the Neo-Gothic style of architecture and is one of the long lasting legacies of the British Raj. On the other hand, the Jakhoo Temple, which is an ancient temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman, is one of the important Hindu pilgrimage sites in Shimla AND one can even get hold of beautiful views of the Shivalik mountains and the nearby town of Sanjuli. Other popular religious sites are Tara Devi Temple and Sankat Mochan. A visit to Naldhera which hosts India’s oldest nine hole golf course and Chail which holds the unique distinction of being the highest cricket pitch in the world… completes your tour to Shimla during the winter season.
Temperature during winter: 1°C to 12°C

12. Mussoorie

mussoorie
With green rifts of the Doon Valley at an altitude of 1,880 m, Mussoorie takes one back to the colonial past through its tralatitious appetizing cuisine and magnificent architectures. With abounding trekker-friendly area, stunning chatoyant natural panorama and glistering lakes, Mussoorie is also dotted with slushing waterfalls and shrubby forest. Kempty falls on the way to New Tehri is the most popular tourist destination. Among the several other tourist spots, Sir George Everest House is often visited by tourists.
Temperature during winter: 5°C to 20°C

13. Nainital

nainital
Located in the Kumaon region, Nainital, popularly known as the Lake District in India, is the weekend gateway for nigh domestic tourists and a beguiling sashay for foreign tourists round the year. At a height of 1,938 m, Naini Lake, holding a perpetual Hindu myth, is a summer retreat in the heart of Nainital. A pony ride or a very short trek up to the Naina peak, en route through shrubby forests, at an elevation of 2,615 m, which is the highest point in Nainital, offers a panoramic view of distant snow-clad peaks like Nanda Devi, Trishul and Nanda Kot. These peaks can also be clear-sighted from Snow View Point. Orienting towards a quest for more natural virtue Nainital is bonded with hermit destinations like Mukteshwar, offering an unhindered view of majestic Himalayan range; Bhimtal Lake, which is larger than Naini Lake; Sat Tal, a cluster of seven small interconnected lakes in the mystic oak forest; Khurpa Tal, a trowel lake; Naukuchia Tal, a nine-cornered lake; Kilbury, a weekend picnic spot popular for its flora and fauna and Pangot, a thick forest of oak, bamboo and deodar.
Temperature during winter: 2°C to 15°C

14. Ranikhet

ranikhet
The “Queen’s Meadow” with lush green conifer forests, hearty ambience, placid surroundings, emerald green valleys and ancient temples is footsure making it an year-round destination for tourists. Ranikhet, the tiny hill paradise, is just a couple of hours drive from Nainital.
Temperature during winter: 7°C to 20°C

15. Kausani

kasauli
Yet another spectacular hideout in the hills of Garhwal, Kausani during the winter elaborates a striking environment with the Someshwar Valley on one side and Katyuri Valley on the other. The landscape that is dotted with dense pine trees and shadowed by the scenic spectacle of Himalayan peaks like Trishul, Nanda Devi and Panchchuli… can’t be compared with any other hill stations in the Garhwal region. The quaint hill station with its picture perfect ambiance has been a favourite place for several notable personalities like Mahatma Gandhi and Sumitranandan Pant. The Anashakti Ashram, where Gandhi spent some days and wrote his commentary of Anashakti yog, is one of the major attractions in Kausani. The ancient Baijnath Temple, which dates back to the 12th century, and the Someshwar Temple, which was crafted by the Chand Dynasty, are the major pilgrimage sites around Kausani and are considered historically significant. The Rudrahari Mahadev Temple on the way to the Adi-Kailash trek is yet another spiritual site near Kausani. During the winter, the Kausani Tea Estate turns into a must visit place. It is spread over an area of 208 hectares and stretches from an elevation of 1,200 meters to 1,800 meters.
Temperature during winter: 2°C to 15°C

16. Lansdowne

lansdowne
One of the quaint hill stations in the Garhwal Himalayan region, Lansdowne despite being a popular weekend getaway from nearby cities is remote in its own way. The colonial atmosphere surrounded by the pristine environment that is thickly bedded with oak and pine forest represents a fusion of history and nature. During the winter season the salubrious weather leaves an indelible impact on the tourists. It is the perfect place where you can indulge in several recreational activities like birding, boating and hiking. The grand view of the Himalayan ranges from Tip-In-Top simply makes your trip to Lansdowne a memorable one. It is worth capturing the panorama of India’s highest peak, Nanda Devi, and its surrounding peaks from this point. Close to Tip-In-Top, the St.Mary’s Church is one of the finest examples of the rich architecture from the colonial era that attracts several tourists. The Garhwal Rifles Regimental War Memorial, Garhwali Mess and St. John’s Church are some other major attractions in Lansdowne. Bhulla Tal is another popular tourist spot having historical significance. A short trek to Hawaghar that passes through Khyber Pass is recommended for those looking for some adventure activities during the winter season in Lansdowne.
Temperature during winter: 5°C to 17°C

17. Rishikesh

rishikesh
“The yoga capital of the world”, Rishikesh, solitude of meditation and yoga, solenoid for esthetics, is in the foothills of Himalaya. The religious town, in other words is also far-famed for white-water rafting and gateway to hazardous trekking destinations. Laxman Jhula (hanging bridge) above the River Ganga is one of the major attractions other than temples and ashrams.
Temperature during winter: 7°C to 20°C

18. Auli

auli
It is the perfect haven during the winter season for adventure lovers. Over the years Auli has gained prominence as one of the best ski resorts in India and is a gateway to numerous trekking destinations in the Garhwal Himalayan region. The majestic view from the cable car of the lofty Himalayan peaks like Trishul, Mana, Kamet and Nanda Devi undoubtedly leave you in a ‘Peace of Mind’. Treks like Auli-Gorson, Kuari Pass and Tapovan further allows you to get acquainted with the snow-ladden wilderness of the Garhwal Himalaya during the winter.
Temperature during winter: -4°C to 14°C

19.Srinagar

dal-lake
Come hell or high water Srinagar with its sparkling Dal Lake, colourful gardens and picturesque nature has always attracted travellers since time immemorial. But if you are travelling to Srinagar during the winter season… then you will find much of its natural beauty dressed in snow. The Dal Lake remains frozen almost from December to February and hence there is least possibility that you can go for a shikara ride. Don’t worry… you have much to explore in the city even during the winter. Many travellers travel to Srinagar during the winter just to experience the snowfall. Perched at an elevation of 1,585 meters in the landlocked territory of Kashmir, the city is largely influenced by the predominantly Muslim culture that reflects from the several monuments including tombs and mosques. The Hazratbal Shrine, Jama Masjid, Aali Masjid, Stone Mosque, tomb of the mother of Zain-ul-abidin and tomb of Pir Haji Muhammad are the major tourists’ attractions in Srinagar. On the other hand, the traditional Kashmiri handicrafts – pashmina shawl, silverware, brassware, wooden furniture, carpet and rug – simply capture the imagination of travellers seeking the cultural essence of the Kashmiri people. The Arts Emporium and SPS Museum are the best places to visit in Srinagar where arrays of traditional Kashmiri handicrafts are in display. The Pari Mahal overlooking the Mughal garden, Nigeen Lake and Royal Springs Golf Course are some other major tourist attractions in Srinagar. The Old City of Srinagar having a quaint charm holds travellers mind. The Hari Parbat is one of the major attractions in old city of Srinagar. Ah! Don’t forget to spend a couple of nights in a houseboat… that’s one of the few luxurious activities in Srinagar WORTH experiencing.
Temperature during winter: -5°C to 15°C

20. Gulmarg

gulmarg
When the sprawling green meadows of Gulmarg are bedded with thick layers of snow… it seizes the mind of some adventurous pioneers who cool their heels the entire year just for a thrilling winter holiday in Kashmir in Gulmarg. It sounds like I’m talking about some crazy skiers sliding down the mountain slopes and shearing through the ice, which is no doubt an attraction if you are a spectator. But when you are on the ski the story is a bit different. Gulmarg at an elevation of 2,690 meters is one of the popular skiing resorts in India and also an ideal winter getaway for leisure seekers. The breathtaking view of the Himalaya from the ‘Gulmarg Gondola’, which is one of the highest cable cars in the world, reaching approximately 4,000 meters, is another major tourist attraction in Gulmarg. The Alpathar Lake, which remains frozen during the entire winter season; Baba Reshi Shrine, which is dedicated to a Muslim scholar and saint Baba Reshi; and St. Mary’s Church, a lively and religious heritage from the colonial era are other tourist spots in Gulmarg. Travellers seeking for more adventure may go for short hikes OR treks. Gulmarg-Khilanmarg, Gulmarg-Apharwat and Gulmarg-Alapther trekking trails are very popular among the trekking enthusiasts. Majestic views of Nanga Parbat, enchanting snow covered valleys and dense forests makes a traveller’s adventure holiday in the Indian Himalayan regiona rejuvenating one.
Temperature during winter: -3°C to 19°C

Pahalgam

pahalgam
Pahalgam is a haven for leisurescapers even during the peak winter season when the entire mountain range as well as the rough terrain is perfectly layered in snow. It is one of the popular hill stations in north India and is perched at an elevation of 2,740 meters in the breathtaking Kashmir Valley. With its rich flora and fauna and snow clad mountains, Pahalgam makes for a perfect countryside winter escape from Srinagar. The Betaab Valley having vast natural exposure, which is approximately 15 kilometers from Pahalgam, is another beautiful place to visit for travellers. Horse riding is one of the must-do things when you are in Pahalgam. Adventure activities in Pahalgam also include the trek to Sheshnag Lake and river rafting in the River Lidder. Aru Valley makes for another beautiful excursion from Pahalgam during the winter season. It is noted for its scenic meadows and sparkling alpine lakes.
Temperature in Pahalgam: -3°C to 12°C

22.Patnitop

patnitop
It is another amazing snowy hub you have picked; Patnitop during the winter becomes favourable for any traveller. It offers stunning views of the Pir Panjal range and hosts several adventure activities like paragliding, trekking, hiking, camping and rock climbing. Paragliding in Patnitop becomes a bit tough during the winter season because of the freezing temperature, BUT if you are prepared then that’s gonna make your holiday in Kashmir more exciting. Further, camping and scenic nature walks in the vicinity of Sansar Lake, which is approximately 20 kilometers from Patnitop, are two major activities worth a try for leisure travellers. Small villages like Kud and Batote near Patnitop, surrounded by thickly wooded Cedar and Pine forests, allow you to soak in the charming Kashmiri culture.
Temperature in winter: -3°C to 18°C

23. Jim Corbett National Park

corbett
Home to several animal, bird and plant species, the Jim Corbett National Park in the foothills of the Kumaon Himalaya is one of the refreshing and thrilling winter escapes in North India. The breathtaking environment of hills, waterfalls, rivulets and dense forest teeming with many rare species of plants simply makes it a haven for naturalists. It is the oldest national park in India and is also the first Tiger Reserve. The Jim Corbett National Park is spread over an area of 521 square kilometers and is home to several animal species like tiger, leopards, jungle cat, fishing cat, leopard cat, barking deer, sambar deer, hog deer and chital, Sloth and Himalayan black bears, Indian grey mongoose, otters, yellow-throated martens, Himalayan goral, Indian pangolins, and langur and Rhesus macaques. Amongst the bird species… the crested serpent eagle, blossom-headed parakeet and the red junglefowl are the major attractions. During the winter season the Jim Corbett National Park becomes one of the busiest wildlife safari zones in India. Thousands of wildlife enthusiasts from all over the world pay a visit to get hold of the lush green laden wilderness on their wildlife safari tour in Jim Corbett National Park.

24. Ranthambore National Park

ranthambore
Located approximately 150 kilometers from Jaipur, the Ranthambore National Park is one of the popular national parks in India in the incredible state of Rajasthan. It is the largest home of tigers in India and also houses several other animal and bird species. Amongst the animal species… leopard, nilgai, wild boar, sambar, hyena, sloth bear and chital are the common attractions whereas Graylag Goose, Woodpeckers, Common Kingfishers, Bee Eaters, Cuckoos, Parakeets, Asian Palm Swift, Owl, Nightjars, Pigeon, Dove, Crakes, Sandpipers, Great Crested Grebe, Eagles, Egrets, Herons, Ibis, Pelicans, Storks, Cuckoo-Shrikes, Minivets, Flycatchers, Wagtails, Munias, Bulbul, Mynas, Falcons etc. are common sights amongst the bird species. The national park covers an area of 392 square kilometers and comprises dry deciduous forests sprawling over an undulating terrain across the Aravalli and Vinddhyan ranges. The lovely Jogi Mahal and ruins of Ranthambore Fort are the two heritage attractions inside the park. Besides, Padam Talab, Rajbagh and Milak Talab are the three most jaw breaking sites where you can catch a glimpse of several species of animals and birds including tigers on your wildlife safari tour in Ranthambore National Park. During the winter season the park remains a hot spot for several wildlife lovers as it is the best time to the nature and wilderness at its best. Some other attractions around Ranthambore National Park are Khandar Fort, Mansarovar Lake, Bhoori Pahari Sand Dunes, Soorwal Lake, Chauth Ka Barwara and Karauli. Don’t forget to shop some “Khas” products, especially perfumes.

25. Hemis National Park

hemis-national-park
When time knocks your mind to do some crazy adventure activities during the peak of winter season… all of a sudden you see yourself in the snow-laden wilderness of Hemis National Park. Located in the catchments of Markha, Sumdah, Rumbak and parts of the Zanskar Range in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, the Hemis National Park is the largest national park in India that stretches across approximately 4,000 square kilometers of land ranging from a height of 3,500 meters to 6,000 meters. During winter season… the Snow Leopard in the Rumbak catchment area is the major attraction. Nonetheless, it is a home to several other endangered species of animals and birds that include the Tibetan Wolf, Eurasian Brown Bear, Red Fox, Golden Eagle, Lammergeier Vulture and Himalayan Griffon Vulture. The high altitude national park in India is also a home to Argali, Bharal, Shapu and Asiatic Ibex. Access to Hemis National Park during the winter season becomes a bit difficult because of its altitude and extreme cold climate. Hence it is recommended only for travellers having prior high altitude experiences during the winter.

Please Note: After the recent flood attack in Jammu & Kashmir, it is recommended for the travellers to hold on their trip to Jammu and Kashmir till the tourism department shows the green card.

Study reveals link between unemployment and crime




THE high unemployment rate among the nation's youth has huge implications for crime and violence in Jamaica-- a study by the Jamaica Constabulary Force's Research, Planning and Legal Services Branch ( RPLSB) has revealed.

The 2014 study titled 'Youth Victimisation and Offending in Jamaica: An Analysis of Serious Violent Crimes', which was done by Senior Superintendent Norman Heywood and Deputy Superintendent Michael Lawrence, shows that persons aged 15 to 24 years, account for 19.5 per cent of the total population in Jamaica. Of this percentage, males represent 51 per cent or 268,829 of the 530,393 youth in this age range.
According to the study, 61 per cent of unattached or unemployed youth are between the ages 20 to 24 years and 96 per cent between 17 and 24 years old. The study further disclosed that only 12 per cent of this group was willing or available to work within the next year.

But, alarmingly, the data revealed that 90 per cent of unattached youth outside the labor force had no skills training and approximately 70 per cent had no training or academic qualification and were in need of remedial education.


This, according to the study, has huge implications for crime and violence in Jamaica.
Moreover, the JCF's National Intelligence Bureau gang assessment figures for 2014 reveal that the number of active gangs in Jamaica is distributed among the parishes in a similar pattern to that for the number of unattached youth.

"The assessment shows that Kingston and St Andrew, combined, accounts for 51 per cent of active gangs in the country, followed by St Catherine with 13 per cent, St James, 10 per cent and Clarendon seven per cent. The JCF's crime data show that these five parishes have consistently accounted for upwards of 73 per cent of total murders and shootings in Jamaica over the last decade," Lawrence said, while presenting the findings at the Statistics Symposium last month.

He explained that the 2011 population census indicate that the male youth population is the most pronounced in the parishes of Kingston and St Andrew, St Catherine, Clarendon, St James, and Manchester.
"Youth offending for serious crimes has been increasing for the 15 to 19 years age group over the last three years and declined for the 20 to 24 years sub group in 2013 after experiencing an increase in 2012," he disclosed.

Further findings of the study revealed that being a male in the 20 to 24 years age group is a strong demographic risk factor for criminal victimization and offending.

In relation to unemployment, Lawrence said 60 per cent of the murder victims in 2013 aged between 15 and 24 years, and were either unemployed or unskilled laborers.

Likewise, over the last three years, 60 per cent of murder perpetrators were between 15 to 24 years and were unemployed.

The aim of the study was to uncover policy relevant characteristics of victims and perpetrators of violent crimes in Jamaica, to determine those most at risk of offending or being victimized.

HIGHER CRIME RATE LINKED TO LOW WAGES AND UNEMPLOYMENT, STUDY FINDS

"Low-skilled workers are clearly the most affected by the changes in labor opportunities, and these results remain after controlling for a wealth of personal and family characteristics,"

A new study provides some of the best evidence to date that low wages and unemployment make less-educated men more likely to turn to crime.

Researchers examined national crime rates between 1979 and 1997 and found much of the increase in crime during that period can be explained by falling wages and rising unemployment among men without college educations.

"Clearly, the long-term trend in wages was the dominant factor on crime during this period," Weinberg said.



While politicians have focused on crime-fighting initiatives as central to controlling crime, this study shows that the impact of labor markets should not be overlooked, said Bruce Weinberg, co-author of the study and associate professor of economics at Ohio State University.

"Public officials can put more cops on the beat, pass tougher sentencing laws, and take other steps to reduce crime, but there are limits to how much these can do." "We found that a bad labor market has a profound impact on the crime rates."

Weinberg conducted the study with Eric Gould of Hebrew University and David Mustard of the University of Georgia. Their results appear in the current issue of The Review of Economics and Statistics.

From 1979 to 1997, federal statistics show the inflation-adjusted wages of men without a college education fell by 20 percent. Despite declines after 1993, the property and violent crime rates (adjusted for changes in the country's demographics) increased by 21 percent and 35 percent respectively during that period.

Weinberg said the strongest finding in this new study is a link between falling wages and property crimes such as burglary. However, the study also found a link between wages and some violent crimes - such as assault and robbery - in which money is often a motive.

The weakest relationship occurred with murder and rape - two crimes in which monetary gain is not usually a motive.

"The fact that murder and rape didn't have much of a connection with wages and unemployment provides good evidence that many criminals are motivated by poor economic conditions to turn to crime."


The theory behind why crime increases in the wake of falling wages is simple, he said. "A decline in wages increases the relative payoff of criminal activity. It seems obvious that economic conditions should have an impact on crime, but few studies have systematically studied the issue."

National crime rates rose from 1979 to 1992, when wages for less skilled men were falling. Crime declined from 1993 to 1997. This decline in crime corresponded to a leveling off and slight increase in the wages of unskilled workers across the nation in that period, Weinberg said.

Weinberg and his colleagues did several analyses to examine the connection between wages, unemployment and crime between 1979 and 1997 for men without college educations. In one analysis, they looked at crime rates in 705 counties across the country - all counties with populations greater than 25,000 - and compared them with state wages and unemployment rates. The second analysis focused on statistics from 198 metropolitan areas as defined by the U.S. Census. The researchers took into account factors such as arrest rates and number of police that may have also influenced crime rates.

In the first analysis, the researchers calculated that the 20 percent fall in the wages of non-college-educated men over the entire period can account for a 10.8 percent increase in property crime and a 21.6 percent increase in violent crime.

"Wage declines are responsible for more than half of the long term increase in both property and violent crime."


Overall, wages had a larger effect on crime than did the unemployment rate, according to Weinberg. That's because the unemployment rate is cyclical and there is no strong long-term trend. Wages, however, fell steadily during most of the period studied.

"Clearly, the long-term trend in wages was the dominant factor on crime during this period."

In a third analysis, the researchers examined data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to see if the criminal behavior of the young men who participated in the survey could be linked to economic conditions where they lived. This survey asked participants if they had taken part in crimes such as shoplifting and robbery in the previous year.

As expected, economic conditions had no effect on the criminal activity for the more highly educated workers in the sample.

However, among less educated men, lower wages and higher unemployment rates in the states where they lived made it more likely that they had participated in crimes. This was true even after the researchers took into account factors such as cognitive ability and family background.

Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime

Policies designed to increase jobs in inner city areas can have a direct, positive effect on crime rates. A new study of crime across the United States shows that crime rates rise and fall with unemployment. But this truth is obscured by other factors. A Discussion Paper published for the Center for Economic Policy Research by two economists, Steven Raphael of the University of California at San Diego and Rudolf Winter-Ember of the University of Linz, finds support for the view held by most people that when men are out of a job they are more likely to steal because the risks seem more worthwhile. The writers find a significant positive, but also quantitatively large, impact of unemployment on several crime categories.

Much research up to now has concluded that violent crime, as opposed to burglary and theft, is pro-cyclical,
or higher in good times. This aggregate picture can arise if other crime-driving influences are disregarded. One prime candidate is alcohol consumption, which is higher in good times, but on the other hand is a hefty determinant of
all sorts of crime rates. And there are other ‘omitted variables’ that have to be taken into account when analyzing
overall crime figures. One is the interaction between crime and joblessness, for the former can also cause the latter.

This is a result of what the authors call the ‘scarring effects effect of incarceration or a greater reluctance among the criminally initiated to accept legitimate employment…’   When the authors properly take care of these statistical problems, they find a positive impact of unemployment on property crime as well as violent crime.

The statistics used for the study are taken from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports across the US from 1970 to 1993. They are then broken down according to types of crime and adjusted for poverty and demographic components. The authors note that in a later period, 1992 to 1996, a period when unemployment was falling, there was a dramatic fall in all types of crime. So the two economists argue that a drop of two percentage points in unemployment would mean a 9% decline in burglary, 14% in rape and robbery and 30% in assault.

Had unemployment been one percentage point in higher in 1992, there would have been nearly 500,000 more crimes in the United States. The authors conclude that if there were improved job prospects for jobless workers, particularly in inner cities, further declines in crime rates would be achieved.

Wednesday, January 27, 2016

hallucinogenic drink served in ITALY



The subject of local legends, this mysterious ruby-coloured cocktail is known for its high alcohol content, obscure ingredients and hallucinogenic effects.


During the day, the two iron portcullises at number 10 Via Fratelli Calandra are tightly closed. There are no signs, and the graffiti that lines this quiet road in Turin, Italy seems to indicate a general state of abandon. But after 10 pm (every night but Mondays), two small lanterns turn on, and one of the shutters rises – the only signal that Tamango pub is open.

It’s ironic, perhaps, that this bar – home to a strange ruby-coloured cocktail called Tamango that’s thought to have hallucinogenic effects – sits so close to Palazzo Nuovo, one of the main buildings at the University of Turin. You can essentially walk from the centre of reason and logic to something more resembling the crazy world of Alice in Wonderland in a matter of minutes. As such, students – and nightlife goers – tell many stories about the mysterious drink that’s often described as Italy’s answer to absinthe.

    She jumped out of a moving car in search of a fountain, fell asleep under its stream of water and later escaped from a hospital in a wheelchair.

Twenty-eight year-old Andrea Lavalle recalled spending two hours running after a dog in the park after drinking more than one. And Tullia Pertusio said when she last had Tamango more than 10 years ago (during a night when she drank three) she jumped out of a moving car in search of a fountain, fell asleep under its stream of water and later escaped from a hospital in a wheelchair.


As a student at the university several years ago, I heard tales of a guy dancing on a rooftop after having just a few Tamangos. But when I tried the drink, which gave me a burning sensation from my throat down to my stomach, I didn’t finish even half the glass. Ever since, I’ve had unfinished business with the cocktail, so I paid Tamango pub a visit on a recent trip to Turin.


The bar was very small, with just a handful of small tables and a few extra seats around the counter. The low lights and scent of burning incense evoked the mystical nature of the Tamango drink, which was named after the slave who rose up against his owner in the 1829 novel Tamango by French author Prosper Mérimée (which was later made into a 1958 film by American director John Berry). However, among students, the concoction is better known for its high alcohol content, obscure ingredients and powerful after effects.

“Tamango is made with a mix of plant and root spirits and infusions,” revealed Elena Di Lorenzo, who created the cocktail and opened the pub 36 years ago with her late husband, Bosco. “After travelling around the world, we discovered different plants and roots that were used inside drinks to cheer up weddings, funerals and other events. Each plant or root has a different effect or purpose.” Tamango, prepared with a mix of African plants and roots, gets its red colour from roselle leaves (a species of hibiscus), which, according to Di Lorenzo, prompts a sense of euphoria and a desire to dance.

“In theory, you should drink half of it in one shot and later sip it,” she said. “It is not hallucinogenic, though. This alleged effect depends on how your body reacts to it. It is also not made with pure alcohol – that would make it too simple.” As her bartender started to prepare Tamangos for me and my friend Rafael, Di Lorenzo winked at me and smiled. “I can’t tell you more than this, the secret is part of our story.”

    Rafael had suddenly started to speak in German, and half of a few Chinese students – who dared ordering more than one – were already sleeping on the tables.

Our drinks, served with ice and a lemon wedge, arrived in plastic cups. At first sniff, my Tamango smelled like gasoline. And with just one sip, my throat started to burn as if it were on fire, just like it did years ago. After half a cup of the cocktail, I started to feel my hands getting warmer, and a tingle climbed up my arms. However, this time, I managed to finish it – in two hours and 30 minutes.

At that point, I was done – but others at the pub were in worse shape. Rafael had suddenly started to speak in German, and half of a few Chinese students – who dared ordering more than one – were already sleeping on the tables.

Despite being 85% alcohol, Tamango is not the pub’s strongest drink. Its “bigger brother” Devasto (which means “devastate”) has slightly more. Turns out, all of Tamango pub’s cocktails have to be drunk with respect and humility. If you dare to challenge them with arrogance, you’ll pay the price.

“If you didn’t get beat up as a child, don’t worry,” said Rafael, still speaking in German. “Tamango will do it when you’re an adult.”


SCARY EXPERIENCE IN THE HOTEL ROOM IN INDIA

That was the year OF  1999, if am not wrong. I had been visited Mumbai, accompanied by my parents. There we booked a hotel room, which was totally sea side. But we couldn't think even in dream that our tour would be turned into a nightmare, very soon. We noticed that hotel manager hesitated for a while to handover the key of that room to us.
 The whole day we spent in sea beach and enjoyed lots of fun. In evening after shopping we reached at our hotel then it was 10 pm. After returning back I entered into bathroom and while standing in front of the mirror, I could see my back, then I saw an apparition moved very fast from one side to another. I turned back abruptly then it was vanished. I thought that was my mistake, so I didn't care it.

At night my dad's scream made us to wake up. We saw that my father was shivering with fear. We asked him very eagerly "what happened?" After sometimes he told us that he was bad dreaming. A horrible looking woman was trying to throttle him and asking him in angry voice "Tell me, where is my husband? Otherwise I'll kill you".
We assured my father that it was just dream. We were trying to console him suddenly a glass, which was at the center of the table, moved along at the corner, falled down and crashed. That incident was really surprising, we all were shocked at that. Myself and my mother were discussing about that mysterious incident, suddenly my father became very ferocious and tried to throttle both of us. Ohh God, we still couldn't forget that picture of that moment. My father's voice turned into female voice and his face was just pale. He was crying - "Tell me, tell me, where is my husband? He had killed me here, I want justice. Yes, I want justice. Tell me, where is my husband?"
 We were shouting and tried to escape from him. At that moment hotel boys and Manager came soon there and they caught up him. We also saved.As we came out of the room, my father also became normal. Later we had known from hotel manager that 5 months ago a couple had booked that room. Next morning the woman was found dead inside of the room and her husband was missing. After that, before our coming, one family had booked that room, but couldn't spend a single night.



Expectations of parents are a burden on their kids

Expectations is a word that attaches right from the inception of a child, in the initial days of life, expectations of learning good manners and being a respected person, in the schooling days of studying hard and choosing the correct friends and peers, in the college days of choosing an appropriate line and settling down in life and so on till we die we are always surrounded by some or the other expectations.

Due to immense competition in the world to be a successful person, the parents are burdening the child with immense pressure without thinking; will the child be able to take that much pressure? Are they capable of what the parents are expecting out of them? The second main reason for increasing pressure from the parents is, initial people used to stay in joint families and did not have that much time to focus only on the child, but now with nuclear families being in the vogue, parents have more time to concentrate on their child and want their child to excel in each and everything. A lot of parents also try to impose their unfulfilled dreams onto their child which may or may not be accepted by the child; especially this is faced by parents who have only one kid.

There are numerous parents that I have met who are never satisfied with their children’s performance, no matter how well do they perform, how many accolades they win they are never happy; these kind of parents are always building unknowingly a negative pressure on the child and burden them with unrealistic expectations leading to de-motivation amongst the children. We all look for appreciation and when one does not receive any kind of appreciation you get demotivated to do things or study properly. For example, even if a child gets 90% in his studies the parent would say why dint you get 95% and so on.

Ability and outcome are the two kind of expectation imposed by parents on the child. When a child is expected to perform just because he is naturally gifted with that talent, for example, “you should have won the swimming completion because you are a natural swimmer and you are the best, you have always won all the competitions.” The delinquency with ability expectations is that children develop an attitude that they are top achiever in a particular field as they have the ability but are unable to accept failure.

When a child is over stressed with expectation he may become detached from the parents, may isolate himself, stop performing as per his previous records or may take any extreme action like suicidal attempts or leave the house and run away from the parents. An incident that I witnessed and would like to cite here, One boy attempted suicide just before his results were out because he assumed that he did not perform well as per his parents expectation and might flunk in one of the subjects he committed suicide and died; when the results were out he had not only passed in all the papers but had topped in his school. When parents over burden the children with their expectation or do not praise the child for whatever achievement he has made uptil now, children often have started taking serious actions.

Hence, expectations are natural, every parent has some or the other expectation from their children, but do not over burden them with your expectation. Recognise their ability and interests and let them perform on their own. Try to identify the signs that your child is overburdened and over stressed and take an action immediately to soothe him and start a fresh to teach your child.

Parental Expectations for Their Children’s Academic Attainment



"Less than half of parents with annual incomes of less than $30,000 expect their child will attain a four-year-college degree, compared with nearly eight in ten parents with incomes over $75,000."


Importance
Expectations parents have for their children’s school attainment influence their children’s expectations and achievement, and early expectations tend to persist throughout the child’s school years. Research has shown that parental expectations for children’s academic achievement predict educational outcomes more than do other measures of parental involvement, such as attending school events.

Parents’ expectations influence child outcomes through multiple pathways. Parental expectations are more likely to affect their children when parent-child relationships are characterized by closeness and warmth. Parental expectations directly affect the amount of parent-child communication about school. In addition, families with high educational aspirations for their children provide more out-of-school learning opportunities for them. Students who reported their parents expected them to attend college had better attendance and more positive attitudes toward school, according to one study. Parental expectations also affect the child’s own aspirations and expectations; for instance, studies suggest that parents’ expectations for their children’s academic attainment have a moderate to strong influence on students’ own goals for post secondary education. Further, both sets of expectations are moderated by characteristics of the parent, child, and community.

Trends

Overall, prior research has indicated that the great majority of parents expect their children to graduate from high school and complete at least some post secondary education. In 2012, about two-thirds of parents with students in grades six through 12 expected their child would attain a bachelor’s degree or higher (64 percent). About one in four (26 percent) expected their child would achieve some post secondary education short of a bachelor’s degree; and about one in ten (ten percent) expected their child would receive a high school diploma or less. Between 2003 and 2007, parents’ expectations rose modestly, but by 2012 they had fallen. Between 2007 and 2012 there was a decrease in the proportion of parents expecting their child to earn a bachelor’s degree or higher (from 70 to 64 percent), an increase in those expecting “some” post secondary education (from 22 to 26 percent), and a small change in the share of parents expecting children to earn a high school diploma or less (from nine to ten percent).

Differences by Gender

Overall, parents have higher academic expectations for girls than they do for boys, and this gender difference becomes apparent as early as sixth grade. In 2012, more than two-thirds (69 percent) of parents of girls expected them to get a bachelor’s degree or higher, compared with six in ten (59 percent) parents of boys. This gender gap grew slightly between 2003 and 2012.

Differences by Race and Hispanic Origin

The proportion of parents with the highest expectations for attainment (bachelor’s degree or more) is greatest among Asian/Pacific Islanders (84 percent in 2012), followed by Hispanics and whites (66 and 63 percent, respectively – not significantly different), and blacks (58 percent). Between 2007 and 2012, parental expectations for attainment at the bachelor’s degree level or above decreased by nine percentage points among whites, by six percentage points among Asian/Pacific Islanders, and by five percentage points among blacks, while they remained the same among Hispanics. 
 
Differences by Household Income Level

Only about half of low-income parents (those with annual incomes of $30,000 or less) expect their children to attain a bachelor’s degree or higher, compared with seven out of nine parents earning $75,000 or more. Likewise, ow-income parents are more than three times as likely as the wealthiest parents to expect their child to do no more than finish high school (19 and 6 percent, respectively). When broken down by parents’ own level of education, parental expectations follow a similar pattern.

Differences by Immigrant Status

Compared with U.S.-born parents, immigrant parents have higher expectations for their children’s educational attainment. Among immigrant parents, 72 percent of those with native-born children, and 73 percent of those with foreign-born children, expect their child to earn a bachelor’s degree or higher. Among native-born parents with native-born children, the comparable figure is 61 percent.


Differences by Student's Grade Level
Parents’ educational expectations for their child are conditioned in part by the level of schooling the child has already attained. Parental expectations that a child will get a bachelor’s degree or higher decline with the child’s age, while expectations that a child will receive only some post-secondary education rises. Sixty-seven percent of parents of sixth- through eighth-graders have expectations of a bachelor’s-degree-or-higher for their child, compared with 62 percent of parents of ninth- through twelfth-graders).

Differences by Student's Current Grades
Not surprisingly, parents’ expectations for their child’s academic future are related to their perception of his or her current performance in school. Eighty-four percent of parents who said that their children are currently earning “mostly As” have expectations that they will earn a bachelor’s degree or more, compared with 12 percent of parents who said their children earn “mostly Ds and Fs.” Only three percent with parents whose children are in the “mostly As” group expect their child will get no more than a high school diploma, whereas 55 percent with children in the “mostly Ds and Fs” group have this expectation.

Differences by Number of Activities Parents and Child Share
Parents who are more involved in their children’s lives, as measured by the number of shared activities, are more likely to hold higher expectations for their child’s education. Visiting a library together, attending a concert or play, visiting an art gallery, museum, or historical site, or going together to a zoo or aquarium were listed as the kinds of activities parents and children might have shared in the past month. Among parents who counted three or four such activities, 74 percent expected their child to achieve a bachelor’s degree or higher, compared with 57 percent among parents who did not share any such activities with their child in the past month. More striking, only between seven and nine percent of parents who shared at least one activity with their child expected that they would not attain more than a high school diploma, compared with 12 percent of parents who shared no activities in the past month.